Spin 1/2 one‐ and two‐particle systems in physical space without eigen‐algebra or tensor product

Abstract

Under the spin–position decoupling approximation, a vector with a phase in 3D orientation space endowed with geometric algebra substitutes the vector–matrix spin model built on the Pauli spin operator. The standard quantum operator‐state spin formalism is replaced with vectors transforming by proper and improper rotations in the same 3D space—isomorphic to the space of Pauli matrices. In the single‐spin case, the novel spin 1/2 representation (1) is Hermitian, (2) shows handedness, (3) yields all the standard results and its modulus equals the total spin angular momentum , (4) formalizes irreversibility in measurement, and (5) permits adaptive imbedding of the 2D spin space in 3D. Maximally entangled spin pairs (1) are in phase and have opposite handedness, (2) relate by one of the four basic improper rotations in 3D: plane reflections (triplets) and inversion (singlet), (3) yield the standard total angular momentum, and (4) all standard expectation values for bipartite and partial observations follow. Depending on whether proper and improper rotors act one—or two—sided, the formalism appears in two complementary forms, the “spinor” or the “vector” form, respectively. The proposed scheme provides a clear geometric picture of spin correlations and transformations entirely in the 3D physical orientation space.