Sphingolipids as Signaling and Regulatory Molecules

Abstract

1. An Overview of Sphingolipid Metabolism: From Synthesis to Breakdown Christopher R. Gault, Lina M. Obeid and Yusuf A. Hannun Abstract Sphingolipid Properties in Membranes De Novo Synthesis in the ER Ceramide Transport from the ER to the Golgi Synthesis of Complex Sphingolipids Ceramide Kinase and Ceramide?1?Phosphate Catabolizing Complex Sphingolipids and Sphingomyelins into Ceramide The Catabolism of Ceramides and the Final Common Breakdown Pathway Conclusion 2. Sphingolipid Transport Laura Riboni, Paola Giussani and Paola Viani Abstract Introduction Intramembrane Sphingolipid Movements Intermembrane Sphingolipid Transport Conclusion 3. Sphingolipid Analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography?Ta ndem Mas Spectrometry (HPLC?MS/MS) Jacek Bielawski, Jason S. Pierce, Justin Snider, Barbara Rembiesa, Zdzislaw M. Szulc and Alicja Bielawska Abstract Introduction Sphingolipids: Structure and Composition LC?MS Methods for Detection and Analysis of Bioactive Sphingolipids Lipidomic Approach Sample Preparation Analysis of Intact Sphingolipids by Mass Spectrometry Mechanism of Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI/MS) MS Scan Modes Specific Scan Modes for MS/MS Instrumentation Sphingolipid Identification HPLC?MS/MS Methodology Quantitation Selection of Internal Standards (ISs) Quantitative Calibration Data Handling Alternative Methodology Conclusion 4. Ceramide Synthases: Roles in Cell Physiology and Signaling Johnny Stiban, Rotem Tidhar and Anthony H. Futerman Abstract Introduction Fatty Acid Specificity, Kinetics and Tissue Distribution Inhibitors Posttranslational Modifications Membrane Topology Why Are There So Many Mammalian CerS? Roles of CerS in Signal Transduction and Disease Conclusion 5. Tales and Mysteries of the Enigmatic Sphingomyelin Synthase Family Joost C.M. Holthuis and Chiara Luberto Abstract Sphingomyelin Biosynthesis: An Historical Perspective The Multigenic Sphingomyelin Synthase (SMS) Family Cellular Functions of SMS FamilyMembers Conclusion 6. Ceramide in Stress Response Mariana N. Nikolova?Karakashian and Krassimira A. Rozenova Abstract Introduction Chemical Structure and Biophysical Properties of Ceramide Changes in Ceramide Mass During Stress Mechanisms for Ceramide Generation During Stress Mechanisms of Ceramide Effects on Cellular Functions Conclusion 7. Animal Models for Studying the Pathophysiology of Ceramide Toshihiko Kawamori Abstract Introduction Sphingosine Kinase 1/2 Ceramidases Sphingomyelinases (SMase) and Sphingomyelin Synthases (SMS) S1P Lyase The Other GEM for Sphingolipid?Related Enzymes Conclusion 8. Ceramide 1?Phosphate in Cell Survival and Inflamatory Signaling Antonio Gomez?Munoz, Patricia Gangoiti, Maria H. Granado, Lide Arana and Alberto Ouro Abstract Introduction Ceramide 1?Phosphate Synthesis and Degradation Ceramide 1?Phosphate: A Key Regulator of Cell Growth and Survival Ceramide 1?Phosphate and the Control of Inflammatory Responses Ceramide 1?Phosphate Mediates Macrophage Migration Conclusion 9. Ceramide?1?Phosphate in Phagocytosis and Calcium Homeostasis Vania Hinkovska?Galcheva and James A. Shayman Abstract Ceramide?1?Phosphate in Phagocytosis Ceramide?1?Phosphate as a Regulator of Calcium Homeostasis Conclusion 10. Extracellular and Intracellular Actions of Sphingosine?1?Phosphate Graham M. Strub, Michael Maceyka, Nitai C. Hait, Sheldon Milstien and Sarah Spiegel Abstract Introduction Sphingolipid Metabolism Sphingosine Kinases Evidence for Intracellular Targets of S1P Implications, Future Directions, and Conclusion 11. Glucosylceramide in Humans Maria C. Messner and Myles C. Cabot Abstract Introduction Glucosylceramide Synthesis and Degradation Multiple Functions of Glucosylceramide Conclusion 12. Gangliosides as Regulators of Cell Membrane Organization and Functions Sandro Sonnino and Alessandro Prinetti Abstract Introduction Segregation of Membrane Lipids and Detergent?Resistant Membrane Domains Lipid