Speed control of direct current motors using proportional integral controllers

Abstract

Proportional integral(PI) controllers is widely used in direct current(DC) motor controlling in factories, requiring tuning of their parameters to achieve optimal performance. New tuning techniques may be developed with the aid of research, which can speed up and simplify the tuning process. This work examined the use of PI controllers to regulate the speed of DC motors. TinkerCad modelling and Falstad circuit simulation are used to simulate the circuit model. Two well-known methods, step response and root locus, were implemented and assessed using Octave Online. Results demonstrate that, provided the KP value is not excessively high, increasing KP can enhance the stability of the DC motor close-loop system. The goal of the research is to balance the system's oscillation and stability while determining the appropriate KP value for the PI controller in this closed-loop system. This research uses octave online to analysis the root locus and close loop positions in pole-zero maps and creates the step responses of the system with different parameters of the PI controller.