Abstract
The mechanized harvesting operation of coffee sweep from ground have a great importance, due the value of the coffee that was lost by the harvest process, as well as the breakdown of the cycle of pests that can damage the coffee. To change work settings can influence significantly the capacity of the gathering system. Due, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence the speed of displacement and rotations of the components of gathering coffee machine in its performance. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Presidente Olegário-MG on coffee plantations aged 10 to 11 years. The field, presenting an average of 990 kg ha-1 of coffee present in the soil after the machine harvest. The engine rotations of the tractor evaluated were 146.6, 162.3, 178.0, 193.7, and 209.4 rad.s-1 combined with the 1stA and 2ndA gears, resulting in different working speeds. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks with five replicates. The variables analyzed were the gathering efficiency, cleaning efficiency, coffee losses, and percentage of mineral and vegetal impurities. It was concluded that the gathering efficiency was higher when working with 178.0 rad.s-1 at 1.26 km h-1, resulting in lower coffee losses in the operation, a preponderant factor in the study. On the other hand, the best cleaning efficiency of the machine was found when using 193.7 rad.s-1 and 1.37 km h-1.
Highlights
The evolution of technology, coupled with the unavailability and burden of labor in the field, strongly implied the replacement of man by the machine in the field, especially with regard to coffee crops, where mechanization is present in all productive phases
Loureiro et al (2012) observed that in a mechanized harvest of maize, the greatest losses were found at lower speeds, since with the vibration of the machine the spikes could detach from the plant in advance. In this sense, assuming that the adequacy of gears, rotations, and speed can affect the performance of a mechanized coffee harvesting operation, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the gathering coffee machine in different combinations of gears and rotations
The precision of the models was determined according to R2 and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) determined the accuracy, according to Equation 5
Summary
The evolution of technology, coupled with the unavailability and burden of labor in the field, strongly implied the replacement of man by the machine in the field, especially with regard to coffee crops, where mechanization is present in all productive phases. In addition to the damage caused to the plants by the operation (CASSIA et al, 2013) owing mainly to the high vibration of the rods (TAVARES et al, 2015), the collector system of the gathering coffee machine when working with large amounts of coffee increases the values of losses (OLIVEIRA et al, 2018). This is because the coffee can fall on the leaves shed as a result of the harvest, causing a possible difficulty in the separation process. The lack of separation of the material present on the conveyor belt causes the coffee to fall under the skirt of the coffee tree along with the leaves, resulting in a larger amount of coffee falling onto the ground (SILVA et al, 2010)
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