Speech perception in noise in patients with idiopathic sudden hearing loss

Abstract

Background Patients with unilateral hearing loss have difficulties perceiving speech in a noisy environment. Unilateral severe to profound hearing loss is most commonly caused by idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Objectives To assess speech perception in noise among patients with idiopathic unilateral SSNHL, and examine the factors affecting the results. Material and methods We retrospectively enrolled 93 patients with idiopathic unilateral SSNHL. The speech signal was presented at a constant sound pressure level, while the noise signal varied from +5 dB to −5 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in units of 5 dB (S0/Nhe). Results As the SNR decreased, the percentage of correct answers also decreased. The correct answer rate decreased with increased hearing level at post-treatment. There was a correlation between age and speech perception, especially when dividing the patients into two groups: <65 years old and ≥65 years old. Conclusions and significance The results showed that speech perception clearly decreased in a noisy environment rather than in a quiet environment, and the correct answer rate of the speech perception test in noise was significantly correlated with hearing level at post-treatment. This study provides important data for future interventions for unilateral hearing loss, including cochlear implants.