Abstract
Bacterial strains become resistant to almost all classes of antibiotics, which makes it necessary to look for new substitutes. The non-absorbable ciprofloxacin–biguanide bismuth complex, used locally, may be a good alternative to a conventional therapy. The purpose of this study was to study the structure of the proposed ciprofloxacin (CIP) -bismuth(III)—chlorhexidine (CHX) composite (CIP-Bi-CHX). The spectroscopic techniques such as UV-VIS (ultraviolet-visible) spectroscopy, FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy were used for structure characterization of the hybrid compound. The performed analysis confirmed the presence of the two active components—CIP and CHX and revealed the possible coordination sites of the ligands with bismuth ion in the metallo-organic structure. Spectroscopic study showed that the complexation between Bi(III) and CIP occurs through the carboxylate and ketone groups of the quinolone ring, while CHX combines with the central ion via the biguanide moieties.
Highlights
Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs might become one of the biggest threats to human health in the 21st century
Based on the knowledge that the ligands in metal complexes can be the ions or neutral molecules containing the atoms with free electron pairs such as carboxylate [19], triethylenetetramine, bipyridine [18,19], biguanide [20,29], the new composites were synthetized by covalently combining fluoroquinolone antibiotics and the biguanide derivatives with metal ion
We present the spectroscopic structure characterization of the selected hybrid containing ciprofloxacin (CIP, fluoroquinolone antibiotic, DNA gyrase inhibitor) and chlorhexidine (CHX, biguanide derivative, antiseptic, agent disrupting the cell membrane function) as ligands
Summary
Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs might become one of the biggest threats to human health in the 21st century. The interesting approach is the development of new dual acting antibacterial combinations or compounds by the simultaneous administration of two different antimicrobial agents, or by combining two molecules of different antibiotics together through a chemical reaction to obtain a single molecule named a hybrid [10,14]. The advantage of this approach is the development of compounds that possesses often better biological activity or even more, that may be active to microorganisms that are resistant to both antibiotics
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