Abstract
One of the key global challenges forthcoming will be maintaining a clean, useable natural water supply. Anthropogenic wastewater is an unavoidable result of population growth and societal development; therefore, the treatment of wastewater is of the utmost importance. The mineral struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate, MgNH4PO4·6H2O) is a crystalline material that occurs naturally in decomposing organic materials and been observed in sludge derived from the anaerobic digestion of animal farming liquid wastes and treated wastewater sludge. The accumulation of struvite on pipe walls and equipment surfaces has plagued the wastewater treatment industry though the formation of struvite prior to the treatment process could potentially provide a pathway for the sustainable recovery of the major nutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Current methods of nutrient removal from wastewater are mostly based on insoluble Fe, Al, and Ca salt formation followed by landfill disposal without returning them t...
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