Abstract
Indirect spectrophotometric method is described for quantification of five of 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) drugs usingN-bromosuccinimide (NBS) with the aid of indigo carmine (INC) dye. The method is based on addition of known excess of NBS to an acidified solution of 1,4-DHP drugs and determining the residual of NBS through its ability to bleach the colour of the used dye; the amount of NBS that reacted corresponded to the amount of drugs. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range 1.25–13.00 μg/mL. Good correlation coefficients (0.998-0.999) were found between the absorbance values and the corresponding concentrations. Limits of detections ranged from 0.141 to 0.500 μg/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of dosage forms; percent of recoveries ranged from 97.31 to 99.46% without interference from any common excipients. The statistical comparison by Student’st-test and variance ratioF-test showed no significant difference between the proposed and official or reported methods.
Highlights
1,4-DHP derivatives are vasodilators with a great selectivity for vascular smooth muscles; they are primarily used for treatment of some of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, angina, and cardiac arrhythmias
Many analytical methods were developed for determination of 1,4-DHP drugs, namely, nifedipine (NIF), nicardipine (NIC), nimodipine (NIM), felodipine (FEL), and amlodipine (AML) (Figure 1), in their pharmaceutical formulations and in biological fluids, such as titrimetric methods [3, 4], spectrometric methods, electrochemical methods [21,22,23], liquid chromatographic methods [24,25,26,27,28], and gas chromatographic methods [29,30,31,32]
A close examination of the literature search presented in the introduction reveals that NBS has not yet been used for the spectrophotometric determination
Summary
1,4-DHP derivatives are vasodilators with a great selectivity for vascular smooth muscles; they are primarily used for treatment of some of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, angina, and cardiac arrhythmias. Many analytical methods were developed for determination of 1,4-DHP drugs, namely, nifedipine (NIF), nicardipine (NIC), nimodipine (NIM), felodipine (FEL), and amlodipine (AML) (Figure 1), in their pharmaceutical formulations and in biological fluids, such as titrimetric methods [3, 4], spectrometric methods (spectrophotometry [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13] or spectrofluorimetry [12, 14,15,16,17,18,19,20]), electrochemical methods [21,22,23], liquid chromatographic methods [24,25,26,27,28], and gas chromatographic methods [29,30,31,32]. The aim of this study to develop a simple, sensitive, and cost-effective method for determination of these drugs in pure and dosage forms using spectrophotometric technique. The method utilized NBS-INC reagents (Figure 2) and their developed offer the advantage of simplicity, sensitivity, speed, accuracy, and precision without the need for costly equipment/chemicals
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