Spectrophotometric determination of trace vanadium in fresh fruit juice samples by ion pair-based surfactant-assisted microextraction procedure with solidification of floating organic drop

Abstract

An ion pair-based surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic drop (IP-SA-DLLME-SFOD) was developed for extraction of vanadium followed by spectrophotometric determination. Tannic acid (TA) and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were utilized as complexing and ion-pairing agents, respectively. Using ion-pairing, TA-vanadium complex became more hydrophobic and quantitatively extracted into 1-undecanol. Some factors that influence extraction efficiency were studied. Under optimized circumstances, the detection and quantification limits were 1.8 μg L-1 and 5.9 μg L-1, respectively. The method was linear up to 1000 μg L-1 and the enrichment factors was 19.8. For 100 μg L-1 vanadium, the intra-day, and inter-days relative standard deviations (n = 8) were 1.4% and 1.8%, respectively. The suggested IP-SA-DLLME-SFOD procedure has been effectively implemented for spectrophotometric quantification of vanadium in fresh fruit juice samples. Finally, the greenness of the approach was estimated using Analytical Greenness Calculator (AGREE), which proved its environmental friendliness and safety.