Spectrochemical Series and the Dependence of Racah and 10Dq Parameters on the Metal−Ligand Distance: Microscopic Origin

Abstract

The origin of the spectrochemical series and the different dependence of crystal-field splitting (10Dq) and Racah parameters on the metal-ligand distance, R, is explored through ab initio calculations on Cr(3+)-doped K2NaScF6, Cs2NaYCl6, Cs2NaYBr6, and Cs2NaYI6 lattices. For this purpose both periodic and cluster calculations have been performed. An analysis of ab initio results proves that 10Dq values mostly come from the small admixture of deep nLs ligand orbitals present in the antibonding eg(∼ x(2)-y(2),3z(2)-r(2)) level and not from the dominant covalency with valence nLp ligand orbitals, which is actually responsible for the reduction of Racah parameters. This study thus reveals the microscopic origin of the stronger dependence upon R of 10Dq when compared to that observed for Racah parameters, thus explaining why electronic transitions which are 10Dq-independent give rise to sharp optical bands. As a salient feature, while the covalency with nLp levels increases significantly on passing from CrF6(3-) to CrI6(3-), the nLs admixture in eg is found to be practically unmodified. This fact helps to understand the progressive decrease of 10Dq through the series of CrF6(3-), CrCl6(3-), CrBr6(3-), and CrI6(3-) complexes embedded in the corresponding host lattices when compared at the corresponding equilibrium distance at zero pressure. The growing importance of the nLs admixture is well-depicted using deformation density diagrams on passing from the ground state (4)A2(t2g(3)) to the (4)T2(t2g(2)eg) excited state depicted at several R values.