Abstract
An apparently simple method for generating human retinal organoids has been described by [1]. These investigators cultured cell aggregates in free-floating condition after initially scrapping adherent cells. Their results showed that newly elaborated morphologically well defined optic vesicles emerged within 7 days and were identifiable and could be harvested.
Highlights
Do organoids coexist with stem cells in their niche? If yes, what roles are organoids playing inside stem cell niches? These questions have occupied the minds of stem cell scientists for a long time
The mechanisms for elaboration of organoids and their inherent memory of the genetic composition of their organs [67,68] from within stem cell niches such as the hematopoietic stem cell niche [22,37] or the spermatogonial stem cell see (Figure 1) [14,19] may be determined and explainable by recalling the process of transcription and how transcription factors participate in development of stem cell pluripotency
Mass cytometry has been used for multiplexed single-cell analysis of post-translational modification signaling networks and the results showed the presence of cell-type and cell-state specific signaling networks in stem cells during development of intestinal organoids [71]
Summary
An apparently simple method for generating human retinal organoids has been described by [1]. These investigators cultured cell aggregates in free-floating condition after initially scrapping adherent cells. Organoids express the genetic identity of their parental organs. This characteristic has made them suitable for use in drug discovery (testing, efficacy and toxicity), modeling of tissue and organ disease and for prophylactic studies. We examine reports of studies which have concentrated on precision tissue regeneration (as observed in degenerative disease conditions) and how (mechanistically) organoids have or precisely effected in-situ gene expression for desired regeneration
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