Specific Temporal Localization of Situations in Future Tense in the Khakas Language

Abstract

The present research featured the cases of future tense with specific time localization in the Khakas language. The study was based on functional grammar, which sees time localization as a functional semantic field that includes categorical situations of time localization (specific) or non-localization (non-specific). A functional analysis made it possible to define the following means of expressing specific time localization: a verb form of future tense with -ар (-ar); adverbial modifiers of time and other time markers in local cases in conjunction with postpositives and auxiliaries; temporal adverbs and clauses with transforms -за (-za), -ғанҷа (-gancha), -(ба)ғанда (-(ba)ganda). The author classified the situations based on typical specifiers. The classification contains eight situations with several sub-types. The research can be used to describe types of past and present tense with specific time localization in the Khakas language, as well as in other Turkic and non-Turkic languages. Some of the specifiers proved to be able to express different meanings depending on the combination with the present, past, or future verb tense. The compatibility of specific temporal form of the Khakas language with some specifiers requires further research.