Specific Sialochemical and Sialometric Changes and Cariogenic Risk in Patients with Primary Sjogren`s Syndrome

Abstract

The main aim of our study was to perform a biochemical analysis of the saliva and to assess potential impact on oral health, particularly cariogenic issues, in patients with salivary secretory dysfunction such as primary Sjogren�s syndrome (pSSj). Consecutive pSSj and healthy age-matched controls were prospectively assessed for (i) whole saliva flow rates (unstimulated, RFR, and stimulated, RFS), pH and composition; (ii) cariogenic scores - decayed, missing and filled tooth surfaces (DMFS index), Silnes and Loe bacterial plaque index (PI). Salivary flow rates were significantly lower in pSSj for both unstimulated and stimulated tests (p[0.05), with a drop in pH as compared to healthy controls (p[005). Abnormal inorganic and organic saliva composition was reported in all cases comprising higher sodium, lower potassium and chloride concentrations, higher amylase activity and lower total protein (p[0.05). Statistically significant higher cariogenic scores particularly DMFS, were demonstrated in all pSSj (p[0.05). In conclusion, patients with pSSj are at increased risk to develop cariogenic issues due to both quantitative and qualitative salivary changes.