Abstract
BackgroundSaliva plays a major role in preserving the integrity of oral tissues. The oral health of renal failure patients could be negatively affected by the underlying pathology, the dialysis treatment, or an altered salivary composition. Major systemic changes occur during hemodialysis (HD), which could affect the flow rate and biochemical composition of saliva. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of HD on the salivary flow rate, pH and biochemical composition before and after completion of a dialysis session.Material and MethodsThirty Renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria set forth for the study. Unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) was collected by the spitting method, immediately before and after a dialysis session. Salivary flow rate, pH, concentration of urea, creatinine, sodium, chloride, potassium and calcium were measured.ResultsHemodialysis had an acute stimulating effect on the salivary flow rate. The mean pH of UWS showed no significant changes before and after dialysis. The concentrations of urea, creatinine, chloride and potassium in whole saliva changed markedly before and after a hemodialysis session; whereas no significant difference was seen in the concentration of sodium and calcium. ConclusionsThis study shows that HD has significant acute effects on both salivary secretion and biochemical composition in saliva. We conclude that the observed changes in salivary concentrations and flow rate are mainly due to an increased watery secretion from the salivary glands and also saliva can be used as a tool for monitoring hemodialysis. Key words:Saliva, Hemodialysis, Flow rate, pH, biochemical constituents.
Highlights
In the present study we focus on the use of salivary biomarkers for the diagnosis of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and for determining the effectiveness of hemodialysis
Material and Methods The present study was carried out by the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Farooqia Dental College and Hospital, Mysuru to determine the effect of hemodialysis on the flow rate, pH and biochemical composition of saliva in chronic renal failure patients before and after a hemodialysis session
The study sample comprised of thirty subjects with ESRD, who were selected from the outpatients undergoing hemodialysis in the Department of General Medicine, Krishna Rajendra Hospital, Mysuru by simple random sampling based on the following inclusion and exclusion criteria
Summary
In the present study we focus on the use of salivary biomarkers for the diagnosis of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and for determining the effectiveness of hemodialysis. The present study was undertaken to analyze the flow rate, pH and biochemical composition (urea, creatinine, sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium) of saliva in patients with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. This study helps us to determine the salivary biomarkers to monitor dialysis efficacy and to understand the effects of hemodialysis on salivary composition, function and the relationship between oral and salivary changes in renal insufficiency. The oral health of renal failure patients could be negatively affected by the underlying pathology, the dialysis treatment, or an altered salivary composition. Major systemic changes occur during hemodialysis (HD), which could affect the flow rate and biochemical composition of saliva. We conclude that the observed changes in salivary concentrations and flow rate are mainly due to an increased watery secretion from the salivary glands and saliva can be used as a tool for monitoring hemodialysis
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