Specific Interaction of Topoisomerase IIβ and the CD3ε Chain of the T Cell Receptor Complex

Abstract

T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex is composed of six different subunits: TCR alpha and TCR beta and CD3 gamma, CD3 delta, CD3 epsilon, and CD3 eta. Antigen recognition signals are transduced from TCR to the cytoplasm through the cytoplasmic domain of the CD3 chains. To understand the downstream signal transduction pathways, we cloned genes encoding proteins capable of binding to CD3 epsilon with a probe of glutathione S-transferase fused to the cytoplasmic region of CD3 epsilon. One of these clones was found to encode topoisomerase II beta (topoII beta). The binding region of CD3 epsilon is located within the N-terminal 12 amino acids containing the motif of a basic amino acid cluster. A similar motif was found in the gamma chain of Fc receptors (FcR gamma) but not in the CD33 eta chain, and indeed, FcR gamma but not CD3 eta bound to topoII beta. The binding region of topoII beta was determined to be the C terminus. Since this region appears to be the regulatory region of the enzymatic activity, the binding of CD3 epsilon might affect the function of topoII beta. Although topoII beta is localized mainly in the nucleus and CD3E is a membrane protein, we demonstrated the presence of CD3 epsilon in the nuclear fraction of thymocytes, which increased upon T cell activation. The specific interaction in cells was evidenced by co-immunoprecipitation of topoII beta and CD3E from the nuclear fraction of T cells. The possible function of this interaction is discussed.