SPECIFIC GRAMATICALIZATION FEATURES OF THE INDEPENDENT MOVEMENT VERBS IN LANGUAGES WITH DIFFERENT STRUCTURE

Abstract

The article reviews the grammaticalization features of the independent movement verbs in the Russian, German, Udmurt and Tatar languages. The verbs of independent movement in each of the mentioned languages form the system in which verbs are semantically opposed to each other on the widest range of criteria connected with the direction, way, character and intensity of movement. Usually in any language there are a certain number of movement verbs which take part in semantic development and the forming of new lexical meanings. The semantic development has specific features in fusional and agglutinative languages. We can observe two main types of semantic changes. The first type of semantic modification is connected with the disappearing of the seme, which represents «movement in space» and with the preservation of the hyperseme expressing «changing» in the widest sense of this word. The other type of semantic changes is connected with the neutralization of the seme, representing movement, direction and a way of movement, however at the same time the seme connected with aspectual characteristics are actualized: perfectivity, telicity, durativity. This semantic modification is an important basis for the grammatikalization of verbal lexemes. Semantic development can occur due to extension of denotates classes, which can function as actants. The processes of grammaticalization in the languages with a different structure have specific features. The authors come to the conclusion, that the verbs of independent movement in the fusional languages such as Russian and German realize their grammatical potential to some degree. On the contrary in agglutinative languages such as Udmurt and Tatar a lot of verbs of independent movement realize their grammatical potential so that they can function as a part of polypredicative constructions.