Abstract
For horticulture in the North Caucasus, and Southern Russia as a whole, root rot of fruit crops is a serious problem, especially in nurseries and young gardens. In recent years, the harmfulness of species of the genusFusariumLink as pathogens of root rot in the apple tree of domestic Malus domestica Borkh has been increasing. As a result of the studies, 115 samples of seedlings from four examined regions of Southern Russia were studied, 264 fungal isolates were isolated, among which 11 species of the genusFusariumwere found. The composition and occurrence of species were heterogeneous at its various sampling points. So, in the industrial gardens of the Krasnodar Territory and Karachay-Cherkess Republic, speciesF. sporotrichioidesSherb. andF. oxysporumSchltdl. prevailed, in the Belgorod region –F. sambucinumFuskel, in the Rostov region -F. sporotrichioidesandF. proliferatumMatsush. The most common pathogens of rotting roots of apple seedlings in the entire studied sample were:F. sporotrichioides –81 isolates,F. proliferatum –37 isolates andF. oxysporum –35 isolates. The rare species among the sample wereF. avenaceum –isolates, as well as the pathogens that we isolated for the first time in the region as rot pathogens ofF. solani(Mart.) Sacc. andF. poae(Peck) Wollenw.
Highlights
Root and near root rot - diseases that cause damage to the root system, root neck and the base of the stem or wood, causing withering and death of the whole plant
The species F. poae (Peck) Wollenw. and F. solani as pathogens rotting apple roots we were first discovered in the region (Table 1)
The most common species in Southern Russia turned out to be species F. sporotrichioides and F. oxysporum, which were found at all studied points (Table 1)
Summary
Root and near root rot - diseases that cause damage to the root system, root neck and the base of the stem or wood, causing withering and death of the whole plant. Fusarium root rot is caused by a complex of species of the genus Fusarium Link and is a serious problem for agriculture, as it spreads on a large scale and affects many crops: cereals, oilseeds, vegetables, berries, stone fruits, pome crops and others. As the analysis of literature shows, the composition of the Fusarium complex of root rot pathogens varies depending on the host plant and location. Mycological analysis of dead cherry plants in the Izmailovsky nursery (Moscow region) showed that rotten roots were inhabited by F. lateritium Nees – 37 %, F. sambucinum - up to 50 % and F. gibbossum App. et Wr. Fungi of the genus Fusarium as pathogens of root rot cause great damage to vegetable crops. In Pakistan, bell pepper is affected by F. equiseti (Cda)
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