Abstract
Root rot poses a serious threat to the main fruit crop domestic apple in nurseries and young orchards. Obtaining healthy planting material, free from root pathogens and root rot, is an especially priority task in conditions of intensive production. In the process of analyzing the affected plants from nurseries and young orchards at four sampling points, pathogens of apple root rot from 11 genera were identified and 431 isolates were extracted. The most common causative agents of apple root rot seedlings in the entire studied sample were species of the genus Fusarium spp. Soil micromycetes such as Rhizoctonia spp., Cladosporium spp., Cylinrocarpon spp., and oomycetes from the genus Pythium were rare. The composition and occurrence of species were heterogeneous at different points in the studied region. Phomopsis mali (Schulzer & Sacc.) Died., Cytospora spp., Alternaria alternate (Fr.) Keissl., and Aspergillus niger Tiegh. have been associated with root rot of seedlings and young apple trees.
Highlights
Among the diseases of woody plants, root rot is the most dangerous
The most common causative agents of apple root rot seedlings in the entire studied sample were species of the genus Fusarium spp. Soil micromycetes such as Rhizoctonia spp., Cladosporium spp., Cylinrocarpon spp., and oomycetes from the genus Pythium were rare
According to the results of the study, a wide species diversity of representatives in the complex of pathogens that cause apple root rot in nurseries and young orchards in the South of Russia - 11 genera can be noted
Summary
Among the diseases of woody plants, root rot is the most dangerous. This disease affects many fruit and berry crops: apple, pear, plum, peach, apricot, cherry, strawberry, etc. The causative agents of root rot are obligate and facultative pathogens, some of which become xylotrophs when the tree dies; as a result of pathogenesis, roots rot, the wood turns brown and cracks, the bark turns black, the branches weaken, the leaves turn yellow and crumble, the plant stops fruiting and eventually dies [9,10]. The spread of fungi-causative agents of rot and infection of plants occurs with spores when they get on the roots, the root neck of the stock, as well as mycelium and its various modifications (membranas, rhizomorphs) when the roots of diseased trees come into contact with healthy ones. Root rot that affects the tree above the graft site is called root collar rot. [1, 5, 9, 10]
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