Speciation and determination of chromium ions by dispersive micro solid phase extraction using magnetic graphene oxide followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract

ABSTRACTA selective, simple and fast dispersive micro solid phase extraction method using magnetic graphene oxide (GO) as an efficient sorbent has been developed for the extraction, separation and speciation analysis of chromium ions. The method is based on different adsorption behaviour of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) species onto magnetic GO in aqueous solutions which allowed the selective separation and extraction of Cr(VI) in the pH range of 2.0–3.0. The retained Cr(VI) ions by the sorbent were eluted using 0.5 mL of 0.5 mol L−1 nitric acid solution in methanol and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Total chromium content was determined after the oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) by potassium permanganate. All effective parameters on the performance of the extraction process were thoroughly investigated and optimised. Under the optimised conditions, the method exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.5–50.0 µg L−1 with a detection limit of 0.1 µg L−1 and pre-concentration factor of 200. The relative standard deviations of 3.8% and 4.6% (n = 8) were obtained at 25.0 µg L−1 level of Cr(VI) for intra- and inter-day analysis, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the speciation and determination of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in environmental water samples.