Abstract
Background: Over the last few years fungal infection rates have increased and a change is seen in their epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility pattern. Hence this study was conducted to learn the distribution of Candida species in various samples and their antifungal susceptibility pattern.Material and Methods: A total of 60Candida isolates were included in the study. Identification was done by colony morphology and Gram stain. Speciation was carried out by Germ-tube test, urease test, chlamydoconidia production test, colony characteristics on chromogenic agar medium, sugar assimilation test,sugar fermentation testand Vitek2 compact(Biomeriux, France) using ID-YST cards. Antifungal testing was done on Vitek2 compact using AST YS01 cards which included fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin b, caspofungin, micafungin and flucytosine.Results: 60 Candida isolates were included in this study. Samples from which Candida species were isolated were sputum (45%), urine (33.5%), pus (12%), vaginal swab (5%), endotracheal secretion (1.5%), blood (1.5%) and tissue (1.5%). Isolates from males and females were 30% and 70% respectively. Isolates from geriatric age group (>65 years) and adults (18-65 years) were 52% and 48% respectively. Isolates from samples received from IPD, OPD and ICU were 58%, 34% and 8% respectively. Out of all isolates, Candida albicans was 58%, Candida tropicalis 20%, Candida glabrata 10%, Candida parapsilosis 9% and Candida krusei3%. All Candida species (except Candidaglabrata) showed 100% sensitivity to amphotericin b and caspofungin. Sensitivity to azole group of drugs was 100% among NAC except C. glabrata and C. krusei and more than 90% among C. albicans.Conclusion: Candida albicans was the commonest isolate followed by C. tropicalis among the NAC. Overall also, C. Albicans were predominant as compared to Non albicans Candida (NAC) species. All Candidaisolates except (C. glabrata) showed good sensitivity to all antifungals.
Highlights
Candida species are ubiquitously present as commensals in the human body
Candida albicans has been the commonest species causing infection for many years but indiscriminate use of azole group of drugs has led to increase in NAC infection and resistance to antifungal drugs in Candida species [2,3]
Patients with risk factors like diabetes mellitus, 60 Candida isolates obtained during the study excess antibiotic use, invasive procedures, patients in period from different clinical samples were included in the the intensive care unit, patients with bronchial asthma study
Summary
Candida species are ubiquitously present as commensals in the human body. In immunocompromised and hospitalized patients, they can cause various types of infections ranging from cutaneous to bloodstream infections and are capable of causing morbidity and mortality in patients [1]. The genus comprises of heterogeneous group of organisms out of which 20 different Candida species are known to cause human infections [2]. Candida albicans has been the commonest species causing infection for many years but indiscriminate use of azole group of drugs has led to increase in NAC infection and resistance to antifungal drugs in Candida species [2,3]. Infections with NAC and overall resistance to antifungals are on the rise [3]. Over the last few years fungal infection rates have increased and a change is seen in their epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility pattern. This study was conducted to learn the distribution of Candida species in various samples and their antifungal susceptibility pattern
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