Special anatomy and classification of fractures

Abstract

Because of the possibility of extravasation of cement from the vertebral body, the venous system of the spine should be carefully considered. The vertebral venous system (WS, Batson’s plexus [Batson 1940]) is basically divided into three parts: the external vertebral venous system (EVVS), the basivertebral system (BS) and the internal vertebral venous system (IVVS) [Batson 1940; Clemens 1961; Fleischhauer 1994] (Fig. 16). Open image in new window Fig. 16 The vertebral venous system and its individual parts: The external vertebral venous system (EVVS), the basivertebral system (BS) and the internal vertebral venous system (IVVS)