Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Water Yield Service and Its Response to Urbanisation in the Beiyun River Basin, Beijing

Jingwei Xu,Yi An,Zhenyao Shen,Shiliang Liu,Xue Wu,Xiaoyun Hou,Shuang Zhao

doi:10.3390/su11164361

Jingwei Xu, Yi An + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164361

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Journal: Sustainability	Publication Date: Aug 12, 2019
Citations: 12	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Beijing Normal University

Abstract

Water-related ecosystem services are vitally important for growing mega-cities. However, accelerating urbanisation has brought many associated issues, such as rapid population growth, extensive land occupation and landscape pattern changes, which affect both the functions and services of regional ecosystems. To achieve sustainable urban ecological development, it is necessary to determine the impacts of urbanisation on water yield. In this study, the water yield ecosystem service of the Beiyun River Basin in Beijing was simulated by the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model and the Geographical Detector method (Geo-detector) was applied to obtain the contributions and temporal regularity of urbanisation impacts on water yield. The results indicated the following: (1) the water yield of the Beiyun River Basin increased from 9.52 × 108 m3 in 2000 to 12.84 × 108 m3 in 2010, with a growth rate of 34.9%; (2) the urbanisation level of the Beiyun River Basin increased from 2000 to 2010, and the selected five landscape indexes varied greatly with the continuously increasing patch density (PD), splitting index (SPLIT) and Shannon’s diversity index (SHDI); (3) during this decade, patch richness density (PRD), SHDI, aggregation index (AI), portion of construction land (CL) and average annual precipitation (AP) were the influencing factors that continuously contributed more than 30% of the spatial variability of water yield in the Beiyun River Basin; and (4) the explanatory power of the interaction between any two driving forces was greater than any single factor. Our results could provide scientific references and constructive advice for city water resource operation from a landscape perspective.

Highlights

The urban ecosystem is a highly complicated socio–economic–natural ecosystem, providing the most important habitats for humans since the 20th century [1,2]
Contrasting with the observed data sets acquired from the Beiyun River Waterworks Annual Report (2010), we conducted the calibration and adjustment of Z value and found when the Z value was 12, we obtained the closest results to the actual water yields (12.54 × 108 m3), the relative error was 2.56%
patch richness density (PRD), Shannon’s diversity index (SHDI), aggregation index (AI), construction land area (CL) and annual precipitation (AP) were the driving forces that continuously contributed more than 30% of the spatial variability of water yield in the Beiyun River Basin

Summary

Introduction

The urban ecosystem is a highly complicated socio–economic–natural ecosystem, providing the most important habitats for humans since the 20th century [1,2]. Since 2000, the urban built-up area has expanded at an average rate of 109 km per year, and the permanent population of Beijing has increased at an annual rate of 0.78 million, reaching 19.61 million by 2010 [10]. It is of great importance to detect the spatial and temporal regularity of the water yield in the Beiyun River Basin and to quantify the impacts from urbanisation and determine the changes in the correlation between urbanisation and water yield at different spatial scales, which could help to make optimal allocations of water resources and support the decision-making process of both city planners and policy makers

Results

Discussion

Conclusion