Spatio-Temporal Non-Intrusive Direct V2V Charge Sharing Coordination

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Direct vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) charge sharing system has the potential to provide more flexibility to electric vehicle (EV) charging without depending on the charging station infrastructure or building designated parking lots. It can also provide an opportunity to shift peak time utility load to off-peak times. However, the assignment between the EVs that demand energy and the EVs with surplus energy or existing charging stations is a challenging problem as it has to be performed in real time considering their spatio-temporal distribution, availability, and grid load. In this paper, we study this assignment problem specifically in a supplier non-intrusive scenario (without changing their mobility) and aim to understand the potential benefits of a direct V2V charge sharing system. To this end, we present two new algorithms to match the demander EVs to suppliers for charging. In the first one, the maximum system benefit is targeted under multiple system objectives with different priorities and considering the grid load. In the second one, individual EV priorities are taken into account and a stable matching process depending on predefined user preferences is provided. We conduct extensive simulations using real user commuting patterns and existing charging station locations in three different cities together with a newly developed probabilistic EV charging behavior model and EV mobility. Simulation results show that direct V2V charge sharing can reduce the energy consumption of EVs by 20%–35% by providing a closer charging facility compared to the charging station only case, offload grid charging power in peak times by 35%–55%, and help sustain up to 2.2× EV charging requests without building new charging infrastructure, while causing a marginal increase (i.e., 3%–9%) in the energy cycling of supplier EVs. The results also show that the proposed matching algorithms offer 80%–90% more energy consumption reduction compared to the intrusive V2V charging at designated parking lots.