Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Digitaria insularis: Risk Analysis of Areas with Potential for Selection of Glyphosate-Resistant Biotypes in Eucalyptus Crops in Brazil

José Carlos Barbosa Dos Santos,José Barbosa Dos Santos,Gabriela Madureira Barroso,Vander Mendonça,Cláudia Eduarda Borges,Danielle Piuzana Mucida,Hamurábi Anizio Lins,Sabrina Rodrigues Ferreira,Ricardo Siqueira Da Silva,Daniel Valadão Silva

doi:10.3390/su131810405

José Carlos Barbosa Dos Santos, José Barbosa Dos Santos + Show 8 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810405

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to model the spatio-temporal distribution of Digitaria insularis (D. insularis) and analyze the risk of selection of glyphosate-resistant biotypes in eucalyptus cultivation in Brazil. Global data on the distribution of the specie were collected and associated with their ideal growth characteristics. The models were generated using Climex software, providing a predictive modeling technique. Biological data, species distribution, and climatic parameters were used to predict and map potential areas for the species of interest through the combination of growth and stress indices, giving rise to the Ecoclimatic Index (EI). The spatial distribution of D. insularis is predominantly in South and Central America and southern North America. The model had a good fit with the collected data and predicted higher EI values for tropical and subtropical regions, as was the case in Brazil. Species growth can occur throughout the year, with lower rates in winter, mainly in the country’s southern regions. Brazil has high climatic suitability for the occurrence of Digitaria insularis. Due to the climate suitability evidenced by the models and the expressive use of the same active ingredient, there is a risk of selecting glyphosate-resistant Digitaria insularis biotypes in eucalyptus cultivation areas.

Highlights

The forestry sector has expanded significantly in recent years, emphasizing eucalyptus (Eucalyptus L’Hér) plantations, the most cultivated forest species in Brazil [1]
The thermal requirements of the species have previously been reported, and the results indicate a low-temperature threshold of 5 ◦ C and a high value of 45 ◦ C; temperatures greater than this would be lethal for the growth of D. insularis [26]
Of the 289 occurrence points recorded in Brazil, the highest numbers were in Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, and São

Summary

Introduction

The forestry sector has expanded significantly in recent years, emphasizing eucalyptus (Eucalyptus L’Hér) plantations, the most cultivated forest species in Brazil [1]. This sector is responsible for the supply of various products. Weed control is a determining factor for the development and productivity of eucalyptus [3], with grasses being the most aggressive [4]. Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde is one of the most problematic and has been considered the pest with the most significant phytosanitary risk for cultivating eucalyptus since 2018 [5]

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