Spatial Water Quality Characteristics of Kallayi River Basin in GIS Platform

Abstract

Kallayi river is a small river situated in Kozhikode district of Kerala. It is well known for its timber business. This river is being polluted by these timber businesses and other human activities, disposal of sewage wastes and many other. This paper deals with the water quality analysis of river Kallayi River basin in post monsoon and premonsoon seasons in the year 2022-2023. GIS and WQI method had been applied to visualize the spatial pattern of the water quality in the study area. A total of 13pre- (March-2023) and post monsoon (December-2022) surface water and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, hardness, chloride, DO, BOD, COD, E coli and total coliform. It is very clear from the study that the surface water is highly polluted and it use for nothing, this is because of the human activities like timber business (for which Kallayi river is known), the disposal of sewage, septic wastes, industrial wastes slaughterhouse wastes etc., the ground water near to the downstream of the river is also polluted. Majority of the physio-chemical and biological parameters are higher during pre-monsoon than the post-monsoon. The effect of rain fall in monsoon and successive natural recharge in to the water bodies leads to dilution of the water. In this study some data related to physio chemical parameters of Kallayi River (Kothi) over the year 2012, 2019,2020, 2021,2022 and 2023 were collected and the water quality index is analyzed.