Abstract
This study presents temporal and spatial variations in personal exposure of parking attendants in a busy conurbation in the northern part of the UK. Two traffic related pollutants - carbon monoxide (CO) and ultrafine particulates (UFP), mainly associated with urban drives, have been considered for two distinct locations- one, in the city centre and the other in a suburban area of Leeds, a prominent city in West Yorkshire. The monitoring of pollutants was conducted while parking attendants carried out their duty along the streets during different times of the year to capture the seasonal fluctuations. Our results show a wide variation in exposure levels for both CO and UFP, marked both by seasonal and daily characteristics. There seems to be considerable variations in exposure levels depending on the location of the parking attendants with respect to traffic activity. Specifically, the level of exposure closer to market areas within the city centre, despite located in open spaces but closer to congested streets were found to be much higher owing to frequent stopping, stopping and idling of cars in search of parking spaces. This demonstrates the merit in setting up transport interchanges and park-and-ride schemes away from busy streets to ameliorate the exposure levels.
Highlights
The effects of transport-related air pollution on pedestrian’s health have increased substantially in recent years [1]
Field experiments, conducted in central London, as part of the Dispersion of Air Pollution and Penetration into the Local Environment (DAPPLE) project have shown PM2.5 and carbon monoxide (CO) personal exposure measurements to be much higher than those recorded at a road side fixed monitoring station
This paper investigates the temporal and spatial variations of personal exposure of parking attendants to two pollutants related to traffic with known health effects carbon monoxide (CO) and ultrafine (
Summary
The effects of transport-related air pollution on pedestrian’s health have increased substantially in recent years [1]. This is of alarming concern to the growing number of non-motorised commuters alongside busy car traffic on inner-city roads. Org.uk) have shown PM2.5 and CO personal exposure measurements to be much higher than those recorded at a road side fixed monitoring station This has been associated with peak exposure events, i.e. coincidences of high concentration and presence of a person [3, 7]. It is the outdoor urban workers such as parking wardens that are
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