Abstract
The features of asymmetry and shape of small-leaved linden leaf blades (Tilia cordata Mill.) on the Kola Peninsula (Murmansk region, Kirovsk) and in the middle part of Russia (Moscow region, Orekhovo-Zuevo) were studied. The size of leaf blades in the northern population (Murmansk oblast) was significantly smaller (p <0.0001). Five linear traits had non-directional fluctuating asymmetry (FA). The method of geometric morphometrics showed a higher variability of leaf shape in the northern population compared to the southern one. Leaves differed in shape upon re-collection, and the leaf × side factor interaction showed the presence of FA in both populations (Goodall’s F criterion in the northern population was 31.7; in the southern – 92.3; p <0.0001). A high value of directional asymmetry was noted in the population on the Kola Peninsula (p <0.0001). The asymmetry of the shape did not depend on size of the leaf blades. According to linear features, plastic variability, especially in the northern population, strongly correlated with fluctuation variability (r = 0.81-0.82; p <0.05). The obtained data allows us to conclude that method of geometric morphometrics was more complex in determining the stability of development. FA was higher in the southern population, while directional asymmetry with a weak expropriation of FA was higher in the northern population. High latitude did not affect the decrease in developmental stability in terms of FA, but led to a decrease in the area of leaf blades with directional asymmetry.
Highlights
Introduction and acclimatization of wild and cultivated plant species requires a thorough study of their adaptive characteristics
fluctuating asymmetry (FA) was higher in the southern population, while directional asymmetry with a weak expropriation of FA was higher in the northern population
We studied morphological properties of the small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) leaf blade in two populations - northern (Kola Peninsula) and in central Russia (Moscow region)
Summary
Introduction and acclimatization of wild and cultivated plant species requires a thorough study of their adaptive characteristics. Results of the variability of genotypic and phenotypic properties studying depending on the area were obtained using the example of some tree species [6,7,8,9]. A general overview of climatic variability is being formed: with an increase in the latitude of the area, the width, area of the leaf blade and the metabolic rate decrease. FA indices have long been used to determine the stability of plants population development, including species of Tilia genus [14,15,16]
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