Spatial Trade-Offs and Temporal Evolution of Multiple Ecosystem Services in a Marine-Terrestrial Urban-Agglomeration Zone.

Huaxiang Chen,Quanyi Qiu,Lina Tang,Weixiang Hu,Baosheng Wang

doi:10.3390/ijerph17041231

Abstract

It takes some time for changes to come in ecosystem services, and trade-offs occur in the process of changes. As opposed to a point in time, we use data spanning the years 2000–2005, 2005–2010, and 2010–2015 to study this research. After quantifying types of ecosystem services, this paper uses spatial correlation analysis and root-mean square deviation (RMSD) method to explore the relationships among ecosystem services and calculate the degree of spatial trade-offs (DT). Results show that the construction land increased substantially albeit at a declining rate of growth, and the degree of trade-offs (DT) increased with nontrivial differences in space. The hotspots for trade-offs are spatially aggregated in some areas but have varying patterns between ecosystem service pairs. The increasing area (IA) of construction land does not promote increased DT until the former reaches a certain threshold. With the exception of land use changes, type of industrial development is one of the key factors that influence the trade-offs of ecosystem services in the research region. We apply the models and methods used in this research to practice and discuss the practical value of our results for planners and decision makers vis-à-vis the design and instigation of appropriate development strategies.

Highlights

Marine-terrestrial interlaced zones are the heterogeneous zones between marine and terrestrial environments [1]
The results suggest that thevalues following ecosystem service pairsservices: exhibit recreation a negative seem to have higher correlation coefficient than other pairs of ecosystem relationship and seem(RS-FS), to havewater higher correlation coefficient than other of ecosystem services-food supply provision-habitat qualityvalues (WP-HQ), waterpairs provision-carbon services: recreation services-food supply (RS-FS), water provision-habitat (WP-HQ), water storage (WP-Carbon storage (CS)), water provision-net primary productivity (WP-NPP), andquality recreation services-net provision-carbon storage (WP-CS), provision-net primary productivity primary productivity (RS-NPP)
The pairs of net primary productivity-water provision (NPP-WP) and recreation service-net primary productivity (RS-NPP), which have a higher degree of trade-offs (DT) among ecosystem services, mainly correlate with Quanzhou’s industrial-led counties and Zhangzhou’s agricultural-led counties

Summary

Introduction

Marine-terrestrial interlaced zones are the heterogeneous zones between marine and terrestrial environments [1]. These zones are ecological ecotones known for their poor anti-interference capacity, fragile environment, low tolerance, and facile degradation compared to other types of land uses [2]. As coastal construction is in full swing, land occupation, environmental pollution, and other human factors are increasing, with one obvious factor being growing human populations and a concomitant huge increase in constructed land These increasing associated impacts have a substantial impact on ecosystem services in terms of their structure and function [3], influencing the quality and value of ecosystem services, creating the decline of ecosystem services. Significant amounts of agricultural land and forest areas have been lost because of urbanization, with varying impacts on ecosystem services per se [4]

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Conclusion