Abstract
Tree kangaroos (Macropodidae, Dendrolagus) are some of Australasia's least known mammals. However, there is sufficient evidence of population decline and local extinctions that all New Guinea tree kangaroos are considered threatened. Understanding spatial requirements is important in conservation and management. Expectations from studies of Australian tree kangaroos and other rainforest macropodids suggest that tree kangaroos should have small discrete home ranges with the potential for high population densities, but there are no published estimates of spatial requirements of any New Guinea tree kangaroo species. Home ranges of 15 Huon tree kangaroos, Dendrolagus matschiei, were measured in upper montane forest on the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. The home range area was an average of 139.6±26.5 ha (100% MCP; n = 15) or 81.8±28.3 ha (90% harmonic mean; n = 15), and did not differ between males and females. Home ranges of D. matschiei were 40–100 times larger than those of Australian tree kangaroos or other rainforest macropods, possibly due to the impact of hunting reducing density, or low productivity of their high altitude habitat. Huon tree kangaroos had cores of activity within their range at 45% (20.9±4.1 ha) and 70% (36.6±7.5 ha) harmonic mean isopleths, with little overlap (4.8±2.9%; n = 15 pairs) between neighbouring females at the 45% isopleth, but, unlike the Australian species, extensive overlap between females (20.8±5.5%; n = 15 pairs) at the complete range (90% harmonic mean). Males overlapped each other and females to a greater extent than did pairs of females. From core areas and overlap, the density of female D. matschiei was one per 19.4 ha. Understanding the cause of this low density is crucial in gaining greater understanding of variations in density of tree kangaroos across the landscape. We consider the potential role of habitat fragmentation, productivity and hunting pressure in limiting tree kangaroo density in New Guinea rainforests.
Highlights
The Huon tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei) is one of fourteen tree kangaroo species recognized by the IUCN, twelve species of which are endemic to New Guinea and two are endemic to Australia [1]
There was no statistical difference between the home range size of males and females at any core of any of the three calculation algorithms used in this study
This study provides the first information on the movements and home range size of any New Guinean tree kangaroo species, substantially expanding our understanding that has previously been restricted to a few studies of Australian tree kangaroos [7][8][9][11]
Summary
The Huon tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei) is one of fourteen tree kangaroo species recognized by the IUCN, twelve species of which are endemic to New Guinea and two are endemic to Australia [1]. There is currently no information available on habitat requirements, home range or activity patterns of any New Guinean tree kangaroo species Among other characteristics such as diet and predation, long-term conservation of Huon tree kangaroos (D. matschiei) requires better understanding of ecological characteristics such as home range size, potential seasonal shifts in range, core areas, and dispersal rates and patterns. This ecological knowledge combined with mapping techniques can be used to ensure that representative habitat and ecosystems are present within an existing or proposed protected area or management zones [6]
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