Abstract
The total nitrogen (TN) increases and the water quality deteriorates when a large amount of nitrogen-containing water is discharged from farmlands into wetlands. This research on the relationship between the TN, ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations in water has a certain reference significance for understanding the spatial pattern of nitrogen removal in wetlands. Taking the Sanhuanpao wetland in northeast China as the research object, 24 sampling plots in the study area were sampled in the spring and summer of 2017 to test the concentrations of TN, NH4-N, and NO3-N. Based on the calculations of the change rates of the TN, NH4-N, and NO3-N in spring and summer, a step-by-step elimination analysis was carried out and the spatial pattern of the TN, NH4-N, and NO3-N removals were revealed by gradual buffer extrapolations, combined with stepwise fitting functions. The results show that the removal capacity of NH4-N is strong within the range of 14.55 km–20 km and 26.93 km–35.96 km from the wetland inlet, and the removal capacity of NO3-N is relatively strong within the range of 26.93 km–35.96 km. The strong NH4-N and NO3-N removal areas in the wetland are not in the geometric center of the wetland, but in separate narrow areas around the center. The TN removal along water channel direction is only 0.25 times higher than that direction perpendicular to the channel, indicating that regardless of whether wetlands are expanded along the water channel or perpendicular to the water channel, the difference to the TN removal is small. Effectively monitoring and managing the reception of agricultural drainage is extremely important for maintaining the water-purification function of wetlands. The aim of the research is to reveal a spatial law of nitrogen removal in wetland water, and provide a framework for studying the mechanism of spatial difference of nitrogen.
Highlights
As a large number of wetlands have been reclaimed and are gradually being surrounded by farmland, the agricultural drainage is discharged into the wetlands, which increases the difficulty of fully removing the total nitrogen (TN) [1,2]
The mean of TNCR is 3.85, which is greater than 0, indicating that a large amount of nitrogen-containing water enters the wetland in the summer, and the wetland cannot effectively remove the TN from the water
The STD of TNCR is 1.09, and the difference is large in different parts in the wetland
Summary
As a large number of wetlands have been reclaimed and are gradually being surrounded by farmland, the agricultural drainage is discharged into the wetlands, which increases the difficulty of fully removing the total nitrogen (TN) [1,2]. Research on the spatial relationship of ammonia nitrogen (NH4 -N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3 -N), and TN is important for studying the spatial patterns of the wetlands’ TN removal ability when receiving agricultural drainage [3,4,5]. Some ecological functions of wetlands, e.g., bird-breeding sites, are often in the interior of the wetlands, and are identified [6]. The main areas of water purification are very difficult to recognize with the naked eye in different parts of the wetland. The main TN-removal areas are very important for further analyses of the spatial pattern of wetland ecological functions [7]
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