Spatial mapping and temporal dynamics of mangrove: A case study in ’pro-mangrove’ villages, Indragiri Hilir District, Indonesia

Abstract

This study used remote sensing technology, specifically Landsat 5 TM and Sentinel-2 MSI images, to map mangrove distribution in ’Pro Mangrove’ Villages, Indragiri Hilir District, Riau Province, Indonesia, from 1989 to 2021. The multi-resolution segmentation (MRS) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms were used to identify changes in land cover over this period. The study found a notable increase of 482.62 hectares in mangrove area over the 32-year period, with a recovery clear from 2014, possibly due to rising mangrove conservation awareness. The study also identified possible disturbances such as exploitation before 1989. The Random Forest algorithm proved effective in mapping mangroves and surrounding land cover. The study underscores the utility of remote sensing technology in tracking mangrove dynamics, which is fundamental for informed conservation and sustainable land management strategies. The findings are expected to guide local authorities, conservation entities, and other stakeholders in devising strong mangrove conservation and management strategies to curb deforestation and promote sustainable land use practices in the Riau Province.