Spatial distribution of chromium and lead in the benthic environment of coastal areas of the Río De La Plata estuary (Montevideo, Uruguay).

Abstract

Twenty-four sediment samples were collected seasonally during one year from the partially closed Montevideo Bay and the adjacent coastal zone, in Uruguay, in order to determine the impact of chromium and lead in the sediments. Analysis of related environmental variables included bottom water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and several sedimentological variables such as redox potential and total organic matter. Concentrations and range of variation of these two metals were similar to those found in urbanized and industrialized estuarine environments. Metal enrichment is higher in the bay than in the adjacent coastal zone, however an important increase especially in Pb content was detected in an area previously considered as a pristine one. Considering both metal content and benthic environment characteristics, the study area can be clearly divided in at least two well-defined regions. One is the inner region of the bay near the streams, and the outermost stations of the bay and the adjacent coastal zone form the other. The first one can be considered highly polluted and the other moderately polluted. The values of the metals studied indicated that adverse biological effects are probably occurring, specially in the innermost region of Montevideo Bay.