Abstract
In urban areas, concentrated populations and societal changes intensify the influence of climate change. However, few studies have focused on vulnerability to climate-related risks on the scale of a single urban area. Against this backdrop, we reconstructed a spatial vulnerability framework based on the drivers-pressures-state-impact-response (DPSIR) model to reflect the complex interactions between urbanization and climate change and to integrate the natural and socio-economic factors of urban areas into this framework. Furthermore, to explore the relationship between rapid urbanization and climate change, we studied data from two years that represented different stages of urbanization. The results showed that the index framework was able to reconcile these two concepts to reflect the complex interactions between urbanization and climate change. The assessment results indicate that the overall degree of climate change vulnerability exhibits a generally increasing and dispersing trend after rapid urbanization. The increasing trend is influenced by an increase in low-vulnerability areas, and the dispersing trend is influenced by anthropogenic activities caused by rapid urbanization. The changes are reflected in the following observations: 1. The suburbs are affected by their own natural environmental characteristics and rapid urbanization; the vulnerability level has risen in most areas but has declined in certain inland areas. 2. High-vulnerability regions show minor changes during this stage due to the lasting impact of climate change. Finally, the main environmental problems faced by high-vulnerability areas are discussed based on existing research.
Highlights
The impacts of climate variability, which manifest as floods, storms, heat waves, and other extreme events, create enormous developmental challenges for human society
A growing body of research indicates that the influence of climate change is a dynamic systemic process, in which there exists a complex correlation between climate change and the urbanization process in urban areas [11,12,13]
This approach demonstrated the framework’s utility for vulnerability evaluation; the integration provided a useful tool with which to organize interacting information related to both human activities and environmental
Summary
The impacts of climate variability, which manifest as floods, storms, heat waves, and other extreme events, create enormous developmental challenges for human society. Cities need a bottom-up adaptation system for spatial planning, regulations, and policies to reduce the impacts of climate change, which requires a comprehensive understanding of the existing impacts of climate change. Related studies have reported that the urbanization process in the transformation of an agricultural society to a modern urban society would shape the sensitivity, response capacity, and actual response actions of urban areas Many perspectives in these studies emphasize urbanization as a driver of climate change exposure [14]. A more comprehensive evaluation system is needed that considers the effects of climate change on the natural conditions and the complex correlation between climate change and urbanization
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