Spatial and temporal variability of satellite‐derived cloud and surface characteristics during FIRE‐ACE

Abstract

Advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) products calculated for the western Arctic for April‐July 1998 are used to investigate spatial, temporal, and regional patterns and variability in energy budget parameters associated with ocean‐ice‐atmosphere interactions over the Arctic Ocean during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) project and the First ISCCP (Internatonal Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) Regional Experiment ‐ Arctic Cloud Experiment (FIRE‐ACE). The AVHRR‐derived parameters include cloud fraction, clear‐sky and all‐sky skin temperature and broadband albedo, upwelling and downwelling shortwave and longwave radiation, cloud top pressure and temperature, and cloud optical depth. The remotely sensed products generally agree well with field observations at the SHEBA site, which in turn is shown to be representative of a surrounding region comparable in size to a climate‐model grid cell. Time series of products for other locations in the western Arctic illustrate the magnitude of spatial variability during the study period and provide spatial and temporal detail useful for studying regional processes. The data illustrate the progression of reduction in cloud cover, albedo decrease, and the considerable heating of the open ocean associated with the anomalous decrease in sea ice cover in the eastern Beaufort Sea that began in late spring. Above‐freezing temperatures are also recorded within the ice pack, suggesting warming of the open water areas within the ice cover.