Sparse Power Control for Downlink Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems with Limited Backhaul Capacities

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We consider the problem of max-min power control for downlink cell-free (CF) massive MIMO systems with explicit capacity constraints. Some approximation and optimization techniques are introduced/proposed to convert this challenging problem into an amiable one, which can be efficiently solved via a computationally efficient BCD-ADMM (block coordinate descent-alternating direction method of multipliers) algorithm. The proposed method renders a sparse power control solution with a large percentage of zero power coefficients, and thus can automatically achieve user-centric clustering. Simulation results show that with a reasonably large backhaul capacity, the proposed method can attain a rate which is about 75% of the rate reported in [1] which assumes an infinite backhaul capacity.