Abstract
This paper considers cloud radio access network with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer and finite capacity fronthaul, where the remote radio heads are equipped with renewable energy resources and can trade energy with the grid. Due to uneven distribution of mobile radio traffic and inherent intermittent nature of renewable energy resources, the remote radio heads may need real-time energy provisioning to meet the users’ demands. Given the amount of available energy resources at remote radio heads, this paper introduces two provisioning strategies to strike an optimum balance among the total power consumption in the fronthaul, through adjusting the degree of partial cooperation among the remote radio heads, the total transmit power and the maximum or the overall real-time energy demand. More specifically, this paper formulates two sparse optimization problems and applies reweighted $ {\ell _{1}}$ -norm approximation for $ {\ell _{0}}$ -norm and semidefinite relaxation to develop two iterative algorithms for the proposed strategies. Simulation results confirm that both of the proposed strategies outperform two other recently proposed schemes in terms of improving energy efficiency and reducing overall energy cost of the network.
Highlights
N EXT generation wireless communication networks are expected to support tremendous increasing mobile data and high data rate communications with ubiquitously guaranteed quality of service (QoS) for receiving terminals over the coverage area
This paper considers cloud radio access network with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer and finite capacity fronthaul, where the remote radio heads are equipped with renewable energy resources and can trade energy with the grid
This paper proposes two joint real-time resource management and energy trading strategies based on sparse beamforming technique in downlink green cloud radio access network (C-RAN) with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), taking into account the individual fronthaul capacity restrictions, to strike an optimum balance among the total power consumption in the fronthaul through adjusting the degree of partial cooperation among remote radio heads (RRHs), RRHs’ total transmit power and their maximum or overall spot-market energy demand
Summary
N EXT generation wireless communication networks are expected to support tremendous increasing mobile data and high data rate communications with ubiquitously guaranteed quality of service (QoS) for receiving terminals over the coverage area. The throughput gain of the former approach is fundamentally limited by the pilot contamination and great capital expenditure (CAPEX) is required for hardware upgrade and deployment, which may result in a revenue threshold of the network [2] Whereas for the latter approach, the significant inter-cell interference (ICI) may limit the performance of Manuscript received July 3, 2015; revised March 4, 2016 and June 11, 2016; accepted August 9, 2016. Since no information is carried by the energy-carrying signals towards the ETs [7], artificial noise generated at the individual RRHs can be used to prevent the ETs from eavesdropping and the physical-layer secrecy is improved [8], [9] Another challenge put forward for the network is that the energy cost has become a major OPEX due to dramatic rise of energy consumption by the high density of RRHs deployment [10]. With the implementation of advanced smart grid technology, two-way energy trading with the grid can be established and the network can maximally benefit from utilizing their local generated renewable energy and selling the excessive energy back to the grid [11]–[14]
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