Abstract
Positional modulation (PM) has been introduced recently where a given modulation pattern can only be received at certain desired positions. To achieve it, the multi-path effect is exploited for positional modulation with the aid of metasurface acting as a low-cost flexible reflecting surface. In this paper, sparse antenna array based positional modulation design is proposed for the first time; to reduce the implementation complexity of the metasurface, the number of active units is also minimised for a given PM design requirement. Design examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Highlights
Directional modulation (DM) based on various antenna arrays has received significant attention due to its ability to keep a known modulation scheme to the desired direction or directions but scramble the pattern in other directions [1]–[15]
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) in [17] was used to optimize the weight coefficients of a phased antenna array to reduce the beam width of directional modulation transmitted signal
In [18], the application scenarios of directional modulation were extended from additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel to multipath fading channel
Summary
Directional modulation (DM) based on various antenna arrays has received significant attention due to its ability to keep a known modulation scheme to the desired direction or directions but scramble the pattern in other directions [1]–[15]. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) in [17] was used to optimize the weight coefficients of a phased antenna array to reduce the beam width of directional modulation transmitted signal. A PM design was proposed in [25] using metasurface as a low-cost flexible reflecting material to control the modulation pattern at different spatial locations. B. Zhang et al.: Sparse Antenna Array Based PM Design reflected signal strength, while the benefit of using metasurface over antenna arrays is the low cost. For implementation using antenna arrays in the design, a power amplifier and a phase shifter are required for each antenna element, while for metasurface implementation, only some simple control circuits are needed [26], [27].
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