Space-, time- and spin-resolved photoemission

Abstract

This article reviews photoemission experiments that simultaneously resolve at least two of the following degrees of freedom: space (real and momentum space), time (intrinsic time scale of a fast experiment or time-of-flight) and spin. In the spatiotemporal domain, imaging of fast processes by PEEM gives direct insight into plasmon dynamics or magnetization processes. In the category real space & spin the novel concept of imaging spin filters is discussed. In the time & spin chapter we address time-of-flight spin detectors and ultrafast spin processes that are accessible by pump-and-probe techniques. A main part of the paper is devoted to the resolution of momentum-space & time. This is implemented in form of the time-of-flight momentum microscope, a very recent development of which the first instrument has been in operation since 2014. In an extended outlook chapter, the potential of new developments and of a novel, highly parallelized delay-line type electron detector will be discussed. The combination of all three degrees of freedom k-space, time & spin is emerging through the combination of the ToF momentum microscope with imaging spin filter.