Abstract
Soybean seed is a major source of phytochemical compounds that impact human health nutrition and livestock meal. Charcoal rot is a disease caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, and thought to infect the plants through roots by a toxin-mediated mechanism, resulting in yield loss and poor seed quality, especially under drought conditions. Limited information is available on the effect of charcoal rot on seed phytochemical compounds and mineral nutrition in soybean. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effect of charcoal rot infection on seed phenol, seed coat lignin, isoflavones, and minerals using susceptible (S) (DK 3964) and moderately resistant (MR) (AG 3905) maturity group (MG)III soybean cultivars to charcoal rot. A two-year field experiment was conducted, and infested soil with charcoal rot (infested soil conditions, INF) or control (non-infested soil conditions, NINF) was used. The results showed that the moderately resistant genotype had higher concentrations of seed phenolics, total isoflavones, and seed coat lignin under infested and non-infested conditions and under irrigated or non-irrigated conditions compared with the susceptible genotype. The same general trend was found for seed K, Ca, P, Mn, Zn, B, and Cu concentrations in the moderately resistant genotype compared with the susceptible genotype. Our research demonstrated that these seed phytochemical constituents may explain the differences between susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars and may play an important role in the resistance to charcoal rot.
Highlights
Soybean is a major crop in the world, and soybean seeds are major oil and soymeal sources in the world for human and animal feed
Charcoal rot infection to S and moderately resistant (MR) cultivars, expressed as colony forming unit per gram (CFU/g), showed that the S cultivar DK 3964 was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) infected with charcoal rot compared with the MR cultivar
Infested soil with charcoal rot resulted in significant infection to S cultivar compared with MR cultivar, and the differences between S and MR cultivars in seed phenolics, sugars, and minerals can be explained in terms of infection as well as infestation
Summary
Soybean is a major crop in the world, and soybean seeds are major oil and soymeal sources in the world for human and animal feed. Charcoal rot is a major soybean disease, leading to loss in production [10] [11], seed quality [12] [13] (Figure 1), and phytosanitary problems for soybean export [14]. Charcoal rot is caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid which infects plant roots from the soil by a toxin-mediated mechanism. The mechanisms of charcoal rot infection via toxins are not well understood, infection of crop through the roots is
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