Abstract
Charcoal rot is a major disease of soybean (Glycine max) caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and results in significant loss in yield and seed quality. The effects of charcoal rot on seed composition (seed protein, oil, and fatty acids), a component of seed quality, is not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the impact of charcoal rot on seed protein, oil, and fatty acids in different soybean genotypes differing in their charcoal rot susceptibility under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Two field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Jackson, TN, USA. Thirteen genotypes differing in charcoal rot resistance (moderately resistant and susceptible) were evaluated. Under non-irrigated conditions, moderately resistant genotypes showed either no change or increased protein and oleic acid but had lower linolenic acid. Under non-irrigated conditions, most of the susceptible genotypes showed lower protein and linolenic acid but higher oleic acid. Most of the moderately resistant genotypes had higher protein than susceptible genotypes under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions but lower oil than susceptible genotypes. The different responses among genotypes for protein, oil, oleic acid, and linolenic acid observed in each year may be due to both genotype tolerance to drought and environmental conditions, especially heat differences in each year (2012 was warmer than 2013). This research showed that the increases in protein and oleic acid and the decrease in linolenic acid may be a possible physiological mechanism underlying the plant’s responses to the charcoal rot infection. This research further helps scientists understand the impact of irrigated and non-irrigated conditions on seed nutrition changes, using resistant and susceptible genotypes.
Highlights
Soybean is a major crop in the world that is an important source of protein, oil, fatty acids, amino acids, sugars, minerals [1,2,3,4], and charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) causes significant yield loss to it [5]
Under non-irrigated conditions, most susceptible genotypes to charcoal rot in the present study showed lower seed protein and higher oleic acid compared with irrigated conditions, but lower linolenic acid
The present study demonstrates that a combination of charcoal rot infestation in the soil, which results in the infection of soybean plants, and drought can alter seed protein, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid contents
Summary
Soybean is a major crop in the world that is an important source of protein, oil, fatty acids, amino acids, sugars, minerals (seed composition) [1,2,3,4], and charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) causes significant yield loss to it [5]. Others evaluated MG IV genotypes DT97-4290 [15,16], moderately resistant to M. phaseolina, and Egyptian, susceptible to M. phaseolina and MG III genotypes AG 3905, moderately resistant to M. phaseolina, and DK 3964, susceptible to M. phaseolina They evaluated the disease at V5 (vegetative), R1 (beginning flowering), R3 (beginning pod set), R5 (beginning seed-fill), R6 (full seed-fill), and R7 (yellow pod color/physiological maturity) growth stages [17]. They concluded that yield loss depended on disease severity, irrigation, and environmental conditions
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