Abstract
The present overview is dedicated to the current principles of surgical and combination treatment for rectal cancer. Basic approaches to choosing a treatment method and policy for early (T1-2N0) and locally advanced (T3-4 and/ or N1) rectal cancer are described. The role of the current chemoradiotherapy as a factor that reduces the frequency of local recurrences and increases the number of sphincter-sparing operations is considered. Great emphasis is laid on the role of a pathomorphologist in the assessing the quality of surgical intervention on the basis of macroscopic and microscopic studies. An integrated assessment of the factors that influence prognosis and quality of life in patients with rectal cancer is given; these include total mesorectumectomy, nerve-sparing surgery, circular resection edge, and extended lateral lymphadenectomy.
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