Sources of valuable traits for the selection of varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops on the Yaltushkiv EBS

Abstract

Purpose. To identify sources of economic and valuable traits for the breeding process of industrial, grain and bioenergy crops at the Yaltushkivska Experimental Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences.
 Methods. Hybridization, selection, field tests, analytical, mathematical and statistical.
 Results. The best breeding genotypes of beets of foreign and domestic selection that are the donors of valuable traits, are concentrated at the Yaltushkivska EBS. The best hybrid combinations created on the basis of the Yaltushkivska EBS materials and evaluated in the variety test under the Beta cross program significantly exceeded the group standard: in yield (103.6–114.9%), sugar content (96.4–105.7%), sugar yield (110.1–110.8%). A highly productive buckwheat variety ‘Yuliana’ with a yield of 2.2 t/ha and a protein content of 15.0% was created and submitted for state variety testing. The best highly productive and energy valuable varieties of switchgrass were selected for cultivation in areas of insufficient and unstable soil moisture, which ensure the yield of dry biomass at the level of 7.5–16.2 t/ha, the yield of solid biofuel of 8.2–17.2 t/ha, and energy of 112.5–243 GJ/ha. Genotypes from the Miscanthus genus have been identified, which combine signs of tolerance to osmotic and salt stress and high energy yield.
 Conclusions. Selected sources of breeding-valuable traits became the basis for creating varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops (sugar beet ‘Barskyi’, ‘Chereshnevyi’, ‘Ruthenia 11’, ‘Ruthenia 12’, ‘Ruthenia 13’, etc., buckwheat ‘Yuliana’, switchgrass ‘Morozko’ and ‘Liadovske’ and varieties of miscanthus resistant to abiotic factors of the environment). Breeding genotypes and original lines of these crops were transferred to the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine.