Колекція жита озимого Національного центру генетичних ресурсів рослин України як основа для створення селекційно-цінних і стабільних генотипі

Abstract

Goal. To form a collection of winter rye as a basis for the creation of selection valuable and stable genotypes, to identify sources of group resistance to diseases, against lodging, and to determine the selection value and stability of the best samples in terms of productivity in the conditions of the Eastern part of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. General scientific (analysis and synthesis) — for differentiation and generalization of the obtained results, field — for determining the resistance of samples to diseases and against lodging, and dispersive — for determining the manifestation of valuable economic traits, and their variations and assessing the reliability of experimental data. Results. 12 sources with high levels of manifestation (7–9 points) of group resistance to diseases were identified, of which 3 combine resistance to snow mold, powdery mildew, scolecotrichosis, and brown leaf rust — Kompozytne, Intensyvne 4 (UKR); Sybyr (RUS) and 8 — with resistance to lodging, in particular: Lira (UKR); Rifle (CAN) and others. Among the best samples in terms of productivity, the variability of its manifestation was determined, which according to the coefficient of variation (CV, %) was 9.1–31.9%, the selection value (Sc) — 313.3–568.4, respectively. It was established that the share of samples with the genotypic ability to form high yield stability was 21.4%, the average was 50.0%, and the low was 28.6%. Conclusions. The collection of winter rye of the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine was formed, which was the basis for the creation of breeding valuable and stable genotypes. The most significant genotypes, which combine high breeding value and yield stability, include varieties of domestic selection — Kompozytne (CB = 9.1%; Sc = 541.4) and Stoir (CB = 9.7%; Sc = 527.6) — at a level of more than 20% to the standard.