Abstract
The multi-environment media of water, surface soil and vadose zone soil samples were collected in the upstream of Miyun Reservoir, in the Luanping Basin of Chengde City, Hebei Province. The aim was to identify the pollution source, ratio, spatial distribution, migration, and transformation characteristics of nitrogen in groundwater. Hydrogeochemistry, soil total nitrogen, and dissolved nitrate nitrogen of vadose zone soil analysis and a multi isotope tracer technique of δ15 N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3, δ34S-SO4 and δ18O-SO4, δ14 C, combined with land-use type analysis and geostatistics, were used in the study. The results showed that nitrate was the main form of nitrogen in the groundwater of the Luanping Basin. The NO3- concentration of groundwater was significantly correlated with the land-use types of residential land and cultivated land where the nitrate pollution of shallow groundwater was mainly distributed. Of the groundwater samples, 13.79% exceeded the National Standard Ⅲ for Groundwater (GB/T 14848-2017) of NO3- concentration value, while the excess multiple was 1.04-3.86, and 37.93% of the groundwater samples exceeded the World Health Organization NO3- concentration standard value. The excess multiple was 1.08-6.83. The spatial variation of groundwater NO3- concentration, soil total nitrogen and surface soil dissolved nitrate nitrogen of vadose zone was affected by the combination of natural structural factors and anthropogenic factors. The source of groundwater nitrate was mainly from livestock manure and domestic sewage, followed by chemical fertilizer leaching. The nitrogen cycle in the aeration zone-groundwater-dominated nitrogen circulation in the groundwater runoff area of the piedmont basin was nitrification. These findings are highly significant for the prevention and remediation of groundwater pollution when viewing the basin system as an independent unit, and for studying the sources and fate of nitrate pollution in the water environment.
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