Abstract
To reduce the negative effect on sound source localization when the source is at an extreme angle and improve localization precision and stability, a theoretical model of a three-plane five-element microphone array is established, using time-delay values to judge the sound source’s quadrant position. Corresponding judgment criteria were proposed, solving the problem in which a single-plane array easily blurs the measured position. Based on sound source geometric localization, a formula for the sound source azimuth calculation of a single-plane five-element microphone array was derived. The sinusoids and cosines of two elevation angles based on two single-plane arrays were introduced into the sound source spherical coordinates as composite weighted coefficients, and a sound source localization fusion algorithm based on a three-plane five-element microphone array was proposed. The relationship between the time-delay estimation error, elevation angle, horizontal angle, and microphone array localization performance was discussed, and the precision and stability of ranging and direction finding were analyzed. The results show that the measurement precision of the distance from the sound source to the array center and the horizontal angle are improved one to threefold, and the measurement precision of the elevation angle is improved one to twofold. Although there is a small error, the overall performance of the sound source localization is stable, reflecting the advantages of the fusion algorithm.
Highlights
A signal represents the physical quantity of a message
A microphone array system is composed of multiple microphones placed in accordance with a given topological structure that performs real-time processing on spatial sound source signals received from different directions
X0Z plane; Step 3: derive the spherical coordinate calculation formula of sound source S in the third Y0Z plane; Step 4: design a composite weighting coefficient based on the sine value of the elevation angle within the X0Y plane and the cosine value of the elevation angle within the Y0Z plane; Step 5: introduce the three-plane five-element microphone array sound source localization fusion algorithm to obtain the sound source coordinate
Summary
A signal represents the physical quantity of a message. Humans can collect important information about the environment through a signal, especially a sound source signal [1,2,3,4,5], which is a sound wave generated by the vibration of an object, as well as the movement of a sound wave through any material. In 2010, XJ Liu et al [23] proposed a moving sound source tracking method based on microphone array measurements that uses the speech linear prediction residual to estimate the time delay, weakening the noise and reverberation effect and significantly improving localization precision. In this paper, based on the analysis of a sound source geometry localization algorithm, a theoretical model for a five-element microphone array is established, using the time-delay values to determine the quadrant of the sound source position to solve the problem in which a single-plane array is prone to producing azimuth blurring. According to the error analysis formula, the relationship between the ranging and direction-finding precision and the array element spacing, horizontal angle, elevation angle, and time-delay estimation error are obtained, and the performance of the sound source localization is analyzed.
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