Abstract
Phase pure hydroxyapatite (HAp) (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) ceramic powder was synthesized from the stoichiometric solution of calcium hydroxide and orthophosphoric acid employing sonochemical technique. Crystallinity of the HAp powder is found to be a strong function of amplitude of the ultrasound generator as revealed by XRD patterns and FTIR recorded on the samples prepared using varying amplitudes. Calcination of HAp powder beyond 700°C has resulted in the initiation of sintering as is evident from dilatometric studies and are complimented by the SEM micrographs. Activation energy of sintering of hydroxyapatite pellets using dilatometric sintering kinetic analysis has estimated to be 668±45kJ/mole corresponding to grain boundary diffusion as the prominent mass transport mechanism. Samples exhibited a density of 3.12g/cm3, close to theoretical density (~ 99 %) at the peak temperature of 1200°C. Studies on AC conductivity of the sintered samples exhibited relatively high room temperature conductivity of 5.07x10-8 S/m and a rising trend with temperature probably due to mobility of H+ and OH- ions. Attempts were also made to produce HAp nanorods sonochemically on the ordinary glass substrates immersed in the stoichiometric HAp precursor solution. Surface topographic images of the HAp deposited on glass substrate exhibited nanorods almost individually separated with an average diameter of 50 nm and 200 nm in length providing a process for synthesizing nano-structured HAp with simultaneous deposition exhibiting unique morphologies.
Highlights
Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), (HAp) is recognized as a substitute in the field of orthopedic and dentistry because of its inherent resemblance in chemistry to the mineral constituents of the human calcified tissues [1,2,3]
Phase pure hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) ceramic powders were synthesized from the stoichiometric solution of calcium hydroxide and orthophosphoric acid with the ultrasonic waves through sonochemical synthesis
HAp pellets sintered at 1200°C with a heating rate of 10°C/min have shown a density of 3.12 g/cm3 which corresponds to a 99% of the theoretical density
Summary
Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), (HAp) is recognized as a substitute in the field of orthopedic and dentistry because of its inherent resemblance in chemistry to the mineral constituents of the human calcified tissues [1,2,3]. HAp in addition to the advantages of biocompatibility and bioactivity, it is possible to engineer the surface morphology and porosity to enhance the resorbability, osteoconductivity and binding affinity to variety of pharmacological substances [4,5]. This has recently opened up a vide scope to deliver pharmacological substances in many clinical applications. Synthetic methodologies are reported to have a prominent effect on the properties of HAp. Generally HAp is synthesized by various methodologies such as precipitation, sol-gel, hydrothermal as well as biomimetic and electrodeposition techniques etc [6,7,8,9]. It was observed that HAp nanorods can be simultaneously synthesized and deposited sonochemically on a glass plate immersed in the stiochiometric precursor solution
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