Abstract
In this study, divalent transition metal ions namely Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) were loaded on the eggshells by a simple impregnation method and characterized by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The metal ions loaded eggshells were investigated for the sonocatalytic degradation of a triarylmethane dye, crystal violet (CV) under ultrasonic irradiation. The experimental conditions like sonocatalyst dosage, dye concentration and ultrasound irradiation time were optimized based on decolorization of CV. The results evidenced an excellent sonodegradation performance of Fe(II) loaded eggshell towards CV, within 30 min, when compared to other metal ions loaded eggshell. The sonodegradation mechanism has been proposed and the recycle capacity upto 5 cycles was investigated with only ∼8 % decrease in degradation efficiency.
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