Sonocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin and organic pollutant by 1T/2H phase MoS2 in Polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposite membrane

Abstract

The development of recyclable catalysts with effective properties and stable reusability is great importance for the removal of different types of pollutants in wastewater. Herein, we have synthesized Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer and mixed-phase 1T/2H MoS2 for immobilizing the sonocatalyst material. Techniques such as FESEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, and UV–vis spectra have been used for analyzing the structural, and morphological properties. The formation of a 1T/2H mixed phase in MoS2 has been revealed by XRD and XPS analysis. Consequently, the sonocatalytic performance of the nanocomposite membrane was investigated through ciprofloxacin (CIP) and organic pollutants (Rhodamine B (RhB)). As a result, MoS2/PVDF (PM4) nanocomposite membrane exhibited a superior sonocatalytic activity with 94.37% and 84.37% of RhB and CIP degradation efficiency with pseudo-first-order kinetic constant (k) of 0.0187 min−1, and 0.0044 min−1. The sonocatalytic property of the nanocomposite membrane is related to 1T/2H mixed-phase and PVDF. Additionally, the metallic based 1T phase MoS2 helps to promote electrons and holes and reduce the recombination rate. Moreover, it promotes the generation of more hydroxy radicals (.OH), and superoxide radicals (∙O2−) play a significant role in sonocatalytic degradation of RhB pollutants. Thus, the improved sonocatalytic degradation of 1T/2H MoS2/PVDF composite membrane exhibited its application in real-time wastewater treatment.