Abstract
A Loeb-Sourirajan type porous cellulose acetate membrane can be specified for reverse osmosis desalination in terms of the pure water permeability constant A, and the solute transport parameter ( D AM / kδ) at a given operating pressure. A reverse osmosis system for water desalination can be specified in terms of three dimensionless quantities γ, θ, and λ defined in terms of the properties of the solution, specifications of the membrane and the operating conditions of the experiment. For a system so specified, the general equations for reverse osmosis process design are summarized. The application of the above equations for parametric studies in water desalination is illustrated with a set of numerical calculations. The results indicate that operating pressures of about 150 atm. or more, and high mass transfer coefficients on the high pressure side of the membrane (corresponding to λ θ values of about 5), and least membrane compaction during continuous operation are the most favorable conditions for the economic desalination of sea water with the presently available Loeb-Sourirajan type porous cellulose acetate membranes.
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