Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopies, including infrared and Raman techniques, are important tools for the characterization of chemical composition, molecular structures, and chain orientation under mechanical deformation of polymeric materials. The development of fiber-optic-based spectrometers has broadened the use of vibrational spectroscopy for process monitoring in various fields including polymerization, curing, and manufacturing processes. Combined with chemometrics, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is now recognized as one of the most important techniques for polymer analyses. Infrared and Raman studies also offer invaluable means for the analysis of inorganic particles used as reinforcing fillers for polymers. The characterization of surface species and the nature of interfacial bonding between the organic and inorganic phases are important issues for the understanding of composite properties. Infrared spectroscopy is particularly convenient for the detection and analysis of hydroxyl groups on filler surfaces, and Raman spectroscopy is particularly well suited for the study of carbon-based materials. In both techniques, polymer-filler interactions can be evidenced through frequency shifts or width changes of bands associated with vibrational modes of functional groups of either macromolecular chains or filler particles. Selected examples of application of infrared and Raman spectroscopies illustrate their potential for monitoring polymer processes, measuring polymer orientation, and characterizing polymer composites.
Highlights
Morphological aspects of polymers such as composition and molecular structure, are well known to determine the physical properties of materials such as glass-transition temperature, crystallinity, mechanical response, or failure phenomenon
It is noteworthy that coupling of each type of vibrational0 spectroscopy with atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning probe microscopy in order to increase the spatial resolution has a great potential for the -1characterization of
The importance of infrared and Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of various properties of polymer systems is discussed in this paper
Summary
Morphological aspects of polymers such as composition and molecular structure, are well known to determine the physical properties of materials such as glass-transition temperature, crystallinity, mechanical response, or failure phenomenon. The mechanical characterization provides general information on the material and yields important parameters such as Young’s modulus, tensile strength, or molecular motions. It can be complemented by spectroscopic techniques that can afford a deeper understanding of the structures and polymer properties. This paper highlights the particular application of vibrational spectroscopy (infrared and Raman) that can allow analysis of homopolymers, copolymers, polymer blends, and polymer composites as well. Control of polymerization and degradation processes, in addition to the characterization of structural properties including tacticity, crystallinity, or orientation, are topics commonly investigated by vibrational spectroscopy. This paper is intended to illustrate some applications of infrared and Raman spectroscopies with a special focus on process monitoring, polymer orientation, and characterization of polymer composites
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